Over the past two decades, GSM-R has been the backbone of safe and reliable railway communications, enabling seamless train operations across Europe and beyond.
It is expected to be phased out around 2035–2040, with decreasing vendor support and increasing operational constraints.
FRMCS, the Future Railways Mobile Communication System, is its successor, addressing the limitations of aging 2G technology and its approaching end of life. Based on 5G and MCX technologies, FRMCS enables secure, high-capacity, IP-based communications and supports mission-critical voice, video, and data for future railway operations.